PHARMACEUTICAL MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY- Dealing with the structure- Part- I
Chemistry is one subject in which your logic and basic concepts are tested to the core. Mugging up the whole subject is not a solution to master this subject. However, mugging up the structure of some pharmaceutical compounds and reagents/ reaction conditions in synthesis of some pharmaceutical drugs is the only option sometimes (sorry you really can't help some times!!!). But some time a little common sense and logic can save you in GPAT.
So in order to clear certain basic concepts, we will include the guidance in subjects like "INORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY", "PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY" and "ORGANIC CHEMISTRY".
INORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY- This subject mainly deals with inorganic medicinal compounds like gastrointestinal drug products like laxatives, dental products, pharmaceutical aids like excipients, suspending agents etc. Not much theoretical questions are expected from this subjects. However, some numerical problems about isotonic solution adjustments, radiopharmaceutical activity and half-life measurements can be asked.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY- A subject that cannot be neglected, it deals with important topics like thermodynamics, solutions, chemical kinetics, phase rule etc. Many questions can be asked like that of physical pharmacy as mentioned in my previous part. Actually it is also a part of physical, but has been included in this part due to much relevance to chemistry.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- A subject that almost completely deals with reactions, structures, mechanisms etc. is hated by most of the students (maybe since this subject is volatile). Having said that, you really need to practice it everyday with paper-pencil just like you solve mathematical problems. You just can't do chemical reactions in air by reading and mugging and if you try to do they are easily forgotten at the time of exam.Again many questions can be asked particularly regarding name reactions like Hoffman, Beckmann reaction and many more. Mechanism of each reactions like whether that reaction is electrophilic, nucleophilic and whether it is addition, substitution or elimination reaction should be clear.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS FOR STUDYING-
1. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stanlake, "Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry", 4th Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, 1997.
2. J. H. Block, E.B. Roche, T.O. Soine and C.O. Wilson, "Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry", Lea Febiger Publishers, 1974.
3. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2014.
4. David B. Troy, Paul Beringer, "Remington ; The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006.
5. Patrick J. Sinko, "Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences", 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2010.
6. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl, G.D. Tuli, "Essentials of Physical Chemistry", S. Chand Publishers, 2009.
7. R.T. Morrison , R.N. Boyd and S.K. Bhattacharjee, "Organic Chemistry", 7th edition, Pearson India Publishers, 2011.
8. P.S. Kalsi, "Stereochemistry- Conformation and Mechanism", Anshan Publishers, 2009.
9. G. Brahmachari, "Organic Name Reactions- A Unified Approach", 1st edition, Narosa Book Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2011.
10. S.H. Pine, "Organic Chemistry",5th edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 2007.
11. J.A. Joule and K. Mills, "Heterocyclic Chemistry", 4th edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
A) INORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Importance of inorganic compounds in pharmacy and medicine- 1,3
Gastrointestinal Agents- 2
Major Intra- and Extra-cellular Electrolytes- 2
Essential and Trace Elements- 2
Topical Agents- 2, 4
Gases and Vapors- 2, 4
Dental Products- 2,4
Miscellaneous Agents- 2,4
Pharmaceutical Aids Used in Pharmaceutical Industry- 2, 3, 4
Acids, Bases and Buffers- 1
Inorganic Radiopharmaceuticals- 4
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-
Importance of basic fundamentals of physical chemistry in pharmacy- 5,6
The Liquid State- 5,6
Solutions- 5,6
Thermodynamics- 5,6
Thermochemical equations; Phase rule; Adsorption- 5,6
Photochemistry- 6
Chemical Kinetics- 5,6
Quantum Mechanics- 6
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-
Importance of fundamentals of organic chemistry in pharmaceutical sciences; Structure and Properties- 6, 7, 10
Stereochemistry- 7, 8
Stereoselective and stereospecific reactions; Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and Reactions- 7,10
Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions- 7, 10
Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions; Rearrangements- 7, 9, 10
Elimination reactions; Conservation of Orbital Symmetry and Rules- 7, 10
Neighboring group effects; Catalysis by transition metal complexes; Heterocyclic Compounds- 7, 11.
This was all about the basics which we should be clear of, when we deal with the detail chemistry of pharmaceutical drugs. In the next part we will provide guidelines and tips about 'MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY' and 'BIOCHEMISTRY'.
Hope you would have liked this part, too.. Any kind of feedback and suggestions are welcome by our team !!!
-Darwin
[GPAT-2014- All India Rank (AIR)- 619)
NIPER-JEE-2014 AIR-25 and
Chemistry is one subject in which your logic and basic concepts are tested to the core. Mugging up the whole subject is not a solution to master this subject. However, mugging up the structure of some pharmaceutical compounds and reagents/ reaction conditions in synthesis of some pharmaceutical drugs is the only option sometimes (sorry you really can't help some times!!!). But some time a little common sense and logic can save you in GPAT.
So in order to clear certain basic concepts, we will include the guidance in subjects like "INORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY", "PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY" and "ORGANIC CHEMISTRY".
INORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY- This subject mainly deals with inorganic medicinal compounds like gastrointestinal drug products like laxatives, dental products, pharmaceutical aids like excipients, suspending agents etc. Not much theoretical questions are expected from this subjects. However, some numerical problems about isotonic solution adjustments, radiopharmaceutical activity and half-life measurements can be asked.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY- A subject that cannot be neglected, it deals with important topics like thermodynamics, solutions, chemical kinetics, phase rule etc. Many questions can be asked like that of physical pharmacy as mentioned in my previous part. Actually it is also a part of physical, but has been included in this part due to much relevance to chemistry.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- A subject that almost completely deals with reactions, structures, mechanisms etc. is hated by most of the students (maybe since this subject is volatile). Having said that, you really need to practice it everyday with paper-pencil just like you solve mathematical problems. You just can't do chemical reactions in air by reading and mugging and if you try to do they are easily forgotten at the time of exam.Again many questions can be asked particularly regarding name reactions like Hoffman, Beckmann reaction and many more. Mechanism of each reactions like whether that reaction is electrophilic, nucleophilic and whether it is addition, substitution or elimination reaction should be clear.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS FOR STUDYING-
1. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stanlake, "Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry", 4th Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, 1997.
2. J. H. Block, E.B. Roche, T.O. Soine and C.O. Wilson, "Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry", Lea Febiger Publishers, 1974.
3. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2014.
4. David B. Troy, Paul Beringer, "Remington ; The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006.
5. Patrick J. Sinko, "Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences", 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2010.
6. Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl, G.D. Tuli, "Essentials of Physical Chemistry", S. Chand Publishers, 2009.
7. R.T. Morrison , R.N. Boyd and S.K. Bhattacharjee, "Organic Chemistry", 7th edition, Pearson India Publishers, 2011.
8. P.S. Kalsi, "Stereochemistry- Conformation and Mechanism", Anshan Publishers, 2009.
9. G. Brahmachari, "Organic Name Reactions- A Unified Approach", 1st edition, Narosa Book Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2011.
10. S.H. Pine, "Organic Chemistry",5th edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 2007.
11. J.A. Joule and K. Mills, "Heterocyclic Chemistry", 4th edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
Importance of inorganic compounds in pharmacy and medicine- 1,3
Gastrointestinal Agents- 2
Major Intra- and Extra-cellular Electrolytes- 2
Essential and Trace Elements- 2
Topical Agents- 2, 4
Gases and Vapors- 2, 4
Dental Products- 2,4
Miscellaneous Agents- 2,4
Pharmaceutical Aids Used in Pharmaceutical Industry- 2, 3, 4
Acids, Bases and Buffers- 1
Inorganic Radiopharmaceuticals- 4
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-
Importance of basic fundamentals of physical chemistry in pharmacy- 5,6
The Liquid State- 5,6
Solutions- 5,6
Thermodynamics- 5,6
Thermochemical equations; Phase rule; Adsorption- 5,6
Photochemistry- 6
Chemical Kinetics- 5,6
Quantum Mechanics- 6
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-
Importance of fundamentals of organic chemistry in pharmaceutical sciences; Structure and Properties- 6, 7, 10
Stereochemistry- 7, 8
Stereoselective and stereospecific reactions; Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and Reactions- 7,10
Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions- 7, 10
Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions; Rearrangements- 7, 9, 10
Elimination reactions; Conservation of Orbital Symmetry and Rules- 7, 10
Neighboring group effects; Catalysis by transition metal complexes; Heterocyclic Compounds- 7, 11.
This was all about the basics which we should be clear of, when we deal with the detail chemistry of pharmaceutical drugs. In the next part we will provide guidelines and tips about 'MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY' and 'BIOCHEMISTRY'.
Hope you would have liked this part, too.. Any kind of feedback and suggestions are welcome by our team !!!
-Darwin
[GPAT-2014- All India Rank (AIR)- 619)
NIPER-JEE-2014 AIR-25 and
ICT-BPT-CET-2014 AIR-7 ]
Ist year M, Tech (Bioprocess Technology-BPT)-2014-16,
Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai.
Ist year M, Tech (Bioprocess Technology-BPT)-2014-16,
Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai.
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