PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS- Safe-guarding the pharmaceuticals !!!!
True to its name , "Pharmaceutical Analysis" is the subject which deals with maintaining the identity and purity (quality) of the drug. It describes various techniques which are literally involved for detecting any impurity in pharmaceuticals / active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and quantification of the API content or impurity content in the concerned product. Thus, it safeguards the pharmaceuticals from any toxic impurity or residual solvents which might be present that can harm the product, in turn harming the consumer (patient). Patient safety comes first in healthcare industry.
Also let me clear myself about the term "impurity". Impurity not necessarily means it is always harmful to the product or patients, but it is just 'undesirable' in our concerned product.
From GPAT point of view, this subject is very , very important. You should be crystal clear about the basics of chemistry as well as physics (which we learnt in our junior college- 11th and 12th standard) to move forward in learning this subject because almost over 2/3 rd part of this subject deals with principles, equipment's, working of the same and applications which requires lot of physics.
You should be mainly clear about the principles involved and specific instruments (e.g. source, detectors etc.) used in each analytical technique. Also in case of IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic Spectroscopy) you need to remember the absorbance value and chemical shift value of each functional groups (most favourite questions in GPAT). In MS (Mass Spectrometry), you should be clear about the fragmentation patterns and the characteristic m/z value of certain functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones etc.
In case of titrations like non-aqueous, complexometric, redox etc the indicators used, nature of analytes suitable for them should be remembered.
In case of chromatographic techniques like HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography), GC (Gas Chromatography), TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) etc., stationary and mobile phases used as well as the modifications and advancements in the original techniques to suit the needs of certain nature of analytes should be known to you.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS FOR READING-
1. Gary D. Christian, "Analytical Chemistry", 6th Edition, Wiley India (Delhi) Publishers, 2010.
2. J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D. Barnes, M. Thomas, B. Sivasankar, "Vogel's Textbook of Quantitaive Chemical Analysis", 6th Edition, Pearson India Publishers, 2009.
3. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stanlake, "Practical Pharmceutical Chemistry", 4th Edition, CBS Publisher and Distributors, Volumes- 1 & 2, 1988.
4. David B. Troy, Paul Beringer, "Remington ; The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006
5. D.L. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz, J.A. Vyvyan, "Spectroscopy", 4th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
6. Leon Lachman and Herbert A. Lieberman, " The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy", Special Indian Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd., 2009.
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
Different techniques of pharmaceutical analysis, Preliminaries and definitions- 1
Fundamentals of volumetric analysis- 1
Acid Base Titrations- 2
Oxidation Reduction Titrations:- 2
Precipitation Titrations- 1,2,3
Gravimetric Analysis- 1
Non-aqueous titrations- 2
Complexometric titrations- 2
Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis- 1,2,3
Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from excipients; Potentiometry- 2,3
Conductometry- 2,3
Coulometry- 2,3
Polarography- 2,3
Amperometry- 2,3
Chromatography- 1,4
The Theoretical Aspects, Basic Instrumentation, Elements of Interpretation of Spectra, and Applications (quantitative and qualitative) of the Following Analytical Techniques-
Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry- 2,3
Fluorimetry- 2
Infrared spectroscopy- 5
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy [proton technique only]- 5 (Although they have mentioned proton technique only, a question 13-C NMR too was asked in GPAT-2014- MY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE !!)
Mass Spectrometry (EI & CI only)- 5
Flame Photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy- 2
X-ray Diffraction Analysis- Not given complete details in any book, try to search it on internet or other analytical chemistry book. (DON'T GO IN DETAIL)
Radioimmunoassay- 1,4
Quality assurance- 4,6
This was all about 'PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS' part.. In the next part we would cover all of 'PHARMACOLOGY' on the next part...!!
Hope you would have liked this part, too.. Any kind of feedback and suggestions are welcome by our team !!!
-Darwin
[GPAT-2014- All India Rank (AIR)- 619)
NIPER-JEE-2014 AIR-25 and
True to its name , "Pharmaceutical Analysis" is the subject which deals with maintaining the identity and purity (quality) of the drug. It describes various techniques which are literally involved for detecting any impurity in pharmaceuticals / active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and quantification of the API content or impurity content in the concerned product. Thus, it safeguards the pharmaceuticals from any toxic impurity or residual solvents which might be present that can harm the product, in turn harming the consumer (patient). Patient safety comes first in healthcare industry.
Also let me clear myself about the term "impurity". Impurity not necessarily means it is always harmful to the product or patients, but it is just 'undesirable' in our concerned product.
From GPAT point of view, this subject is very , very important. You should be crystal clear about the basics of chemistry as well as physics (which we learnt in our junior college- 11th and 12th standard) to move forward in learning this subject because almost over 2/3 rd part of this subject deals with principles, equipment's, working of the same and applications which requires lot of physics.
You should be mainly clear about the principles involved and specific instruments (e.g. source, detectors etc.) used in each analytical technique. Also in case of IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear magnetic Spectroscopy) you need to remember the absorbance value and chemical shift value of each functional groups (most favourite questions in GPAT). In MS (Mass Spectrometry), you should be clear about the fragmentation patterns and the characteristic m/z value of certain functional groups like alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones etc.
In case of titrations like non-aqueous, complexometric, redox etc the indicators used, nature of analytes suitable for them should be remembered.
In case of chromatographic techniques like HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography), GC (Gas Chromatography), TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) etc., stationary and mobile phases used as well as the modifications and advancements in the original techniques to suit the needs of certain nature of analytes should be known to you.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS FOR READING-
1. Gary D. Christian, "Analytical Chemistry", 6th Edition, Wiley India (Delhi) Publishers, 2010.
2. J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D. Barnes, M. Thomas, B. Sivasankar, "Vogel's Textbook of Quantitaive Chemical Analysis", 6th Edition, Pearson India Publishers, 2009.
3. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stanlake, "Practical Pharmceutical Chemistry", 4th Edition, CBS Publisher and Distributors, Volumes- 1 & 2, 1988.
4. David B. Troy, Paul Beringer, "Remington ; The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006
5. D.L. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz, J.A. Vyvyan, "Spectroscopy", 4th Edition, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
6. Leon Lachman and Herbert A. Lieberman, " The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy", Special Indian Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd., 2009.
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
Different techniques of pharmaceutical analysis, Preliminaries and definitions- 1
Fundamentals of volumetric analysis- 1
Acid Base Titrations- 2
Oxidation Reduction Titrations:- 2
Precipitation Titrations- 1,2,3
Gravimetric Analysis- 1
Non-aqueous titrations- 2
Complexometric titrations- 2
Miscellaneous Methods of Analysis- 1,2,3
Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from excipients; Potentiometry- 2,3
Conductometry- 2,3
Coulometry- 2,3
Polarography- 2,3
Amperometry- 2,3
Chromatography- 1,4
The Theoretical Aspects, Basic Instrumentation, Elements of Interpretation of Spectra, and Applications (quantitative and qualitative) of the Following Analytical Techniques-
Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry- 2,3
Fluorimetry- 2
Infrared spectroscopy- 5
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy [proton technique only]- 5 (Although they have mentioned proton technique only, a question 13-C NMR too was asked in GPAT-2014- MY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE !!)
Mass Spectrometry (EI & CI only)- 5
Flame Photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy- 2
X-ray Diffraction Analysis- Not given complete details in any book, try to search it on internet or other analytical chemistry book. (DON'T GO IN DETAIL)
Radioimmunoassay- 1,4
Quality assurance- 4,6
This was all about 'PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS' part.. In the next part we would cover all of 'PHARMACOLOGY' on the next part...!!
Hope you would have liked this part, too.. Any kind of feedback and suggestions are welcome by our team !!!
-Darwin
[GPAT-2014- All India Rank (AIR)- 619)
NIPER-JEE-2014 AIR-25 and
ICT-BPT-CET-2014 AIR-7 ]
Ist year M, Tech (Bioprocess Technology-BPT)-2014-16,
Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai.
Ist year M, Tech (Bioprocess Technology-BPT)-2014-16,
Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai.
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